The etiology of functional gastrointestinal conditions e.g. gastrointestinal neuromuscular diseases (GIND), remains largely unknown. A thorough and careful examination of these conditions might reveal complicated enteric pathologies. Full-thickness endoscopic biopsies are emerging as a preference over conventional biopsy techniques that are invasive and need to be carried out under anesthesia.

This article discusses applications and advantages of full-thickness endoscopic biopsies for diagnosis of enteric pathologies. The functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders without an organic cause, might be a result of underlying pathologies of known etiologies, such as enteric neuropathy, microscopic colitis, and primary Sjögren’s syndrome. A careful clinical and histopathological examination is warranted to establish definite diagnoses. Full-thickness gastric biopsies may aid the diagnosis of…