Lower back pain is a common health problem sustained by almost 80% of the world population at least once during their lifetime. It is a highly prevalent condition with a significant contribution to disability. Among the vast differential manifestations of lower back pain, intervertebral degeneration is the most frequent and commonly diagnosed condition, which often leads to degenerative disc disease and lumbar disc herniation (LDH). With such a higher prevalence, a better understanding of how LDH originates and appropriate treatment holds substantial importance.

Overview Lumbar disc herniation is a commonly diagnosed degenerative abnormality of the lumbar spine. LDH is also commonly known as a ruptured or slipped disc; it affects about 2-3% of the population and is one of the primary causes of spinal injury among the adult population. Although lumbar disc herniation is prevalent in all…