Urothelial carcinomas are the fourth common type of tumors and are comparatively uncommon. However, reoccurrence in the bladder occurs in about 22-47% patients. The natural history and prognosis of urothelial carcinomas of the upper urinary tract differ from that of bladder cancer. These guidelines from European Association of Urology discuss in detail risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies according to risk strata of the disease.
The prognosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is generally worse than that of primary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Many environmental risk factors contribute to UTUC development, some are similar to that of bladder cancer and some are unique. Main risk factor for UTUC remains tobacco exposure. Since this is not a very common type of cancer, many guidelines are not available for the same and hence the current…
