Prostate cancer is the most common male solid cancer diagnosed in the world. Although the incidence of localized prostate cancer has increased over the last decade, the rate of metastasis at presentation has decreased. Incorporation of novel tools for risk stratification have consistently helped clinicians at identifying the correct men in whom the conservative management strategies can be pursued.
Since their introduction in the clinical practice, the analysis of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), clinical T-stage and Gleason score to estimate the risk of progression in men with prostate cancer, the current understanding of factors that modify this risk has changed drastically. So far, there are multiple risk stratification tools available, including look-up tables, risk classification analyses, nomograms and artificial neural networks. Concurrently, descriptions of novel biopsy…
