In hydrocephalus, excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulates in the ventricles due to imbalanced CSF production and absorption. Worldwide, there are about 4 lakh cases of infantile and pediatric hydrocephalus per year, with a prevalence of 88 per 100,000 pediatric populations. Early-life hydrocephalus affects neurodevelopment negatively and, if untreated, can be fatal.

The current understanding and treatment of this debilitating illness are outlined in this article. 1,2