FDA-approved external trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) has emerged as a non-pharmacological treatment option for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ), but evidence for its efficacy beyond small pilot studies and short treatment duration has been limited. To address this gap, a study evaluated the efficacy and safety of nightly TNS, assessing its effects on core symptoms, cognitive performance, and associated behavioral outcomes involving 843 children/adolescents with ADHD . The study found that nightly external TNS for 4 weeks was safe and well tolerated in children and adolescents with ADHD, with no serious adverse events reported.
However, TNS did not result in a significant improvement in parent-rated ADHD symptoms compared with sham stimulation (estimated adjusted mean difference = 0.83). Side-effect profiles were similar between the real TNS group and the sham…
