Trimester-Based Nutrition Counseling & Pregnancy Outcomes Vitamin D deficiency affects over 90% of pregnant women in India, yet its isolated impact on perinatal outcomes remains unclear. This quasi-experimental cohort study evaluated the effect of trimester-specific nutrition counseling on maternal vitamin D status and pregnancy outcomes among 173 women (intervention n=88; control n=85). Participants received individualized dietary counseling across three trimesters focusing on vitamin D-rich foods, macronutrient balance, and gestational weight management.
The intervention significantly improved serum vitamin D levels (Δ +25.29 ng/mL vs +10.01 ng/mL in controls; large effect size, Cohen’s d=0.97), along with notable gains in protein intake (+7.34 g/day) and nutrition knowledge scores. However, no significant association was observed between maternal vitamin D levels and birth weight…
