The treatment of RCC with targeted inhibitors remains challenging, despite success with targeted therapies using small-molecule inhibitors. The key issue with these therapies is the development of resistance after an initial response. Development of resistance to the inhibitor treatment is known to be exerted by strong pressure resulting from kinase inhibition. Furthermore, several other acquired resistance mechanisms may also involve activation of alternative pathways and resulting kinase mutations.
Additionally, increased tumor invasiveness may be promoted by targeting angiogenesis, where cells may undergo the epithelial-mesenchymal transition to escape the hypoxic environment of the tumor resulting from decreased vascularization. Targeting DNA and RNA may also be a promising alternative route instead of targeting the protein of interest. During RCC, the synthesis of various…
