Case presentation A woman in her 60s presented with a generalized throbbing headache that had persisted for one month and worsened over the past three weeks. The headache was exacerbated by coughing and sneezing. She rated the pain as 6/10 on the numeric pain scale, and it was only partially relieved with paracetamol.

Medical history Underlying hypertension and hepatitis C Examination The patient appeared well, with stable vital signs. No symptoms of raised intracranial pressure (e.g., vomiting or blurred vision) No nasal discharge, congestion, or hyposmia No fever, malaise, or lethargy Nasoendoscopic examination A left septal spur in contact with the inferior turbinate Normal appearance of the turbinates, osteomeatal complexes, fossa of Rosenmüller, and nasopharynx CT scan of paranasal sinus (Cover image A) Complete opacification of the left sphenoid sinus Presence of a calcified rim…