Epidural anesthesia is a versatile technique widely used in anesthetic practice. It decreases the potential of postoperative morbidity and mortality which has been demonstrated by numerous studies. To maximize its perioperative benefits while minimizing potential adverse consequences, the knowledge of factors affecting effective block placement is important. Neuraxial anesthesia is the term for central blocks involving the spinal, epidural, and caudal spaces.
Neuraxial blocks have even been shown to reduce the incidence of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism while also minimizing transfusion requirements and respiratory compromise following thoracic and upper abdominal surgery. Despite these proposed advantages of neuraxial blocks, adverse reactions and complications can occur. These can range from self-limited back soreness to permanent neurologic deficits and even death. Anatomy…
