Epilepsy, characterized by the periodic and abnormal discharge of neurons within the brain, is a potentially devastating neurological disorder that affects people of all ages. Globally, an estimated 5 million people are diagnosed with epilepsy each year. Around 50 million people worldwide currently live with epilepsy, with nearly 80% of them from low- and middle-income countries. Epilepsy is defined as having two or more unprovoked seizures .
It can be a generalized seizure that causes distress in the whole brain or a focal seizure that affects only one part of the brain. Recognizing a mild seizure is difficult as it lasts only a few seconds, and sometimes the person experiencing this might also be unaware. This article provides an overview of the etiology, various signs and symptoms, and pathophysiology of epilepsy. Etiology There are different underlying causes of different types of…
