Oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vectors are emerging as an effective and powerful therapeutic approach for cancer. The patients with the bladder cancer are diagnosed with a tumor which is limited to the bladder mucosa. The stages of bladder cancer are commonly termed as non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Although the treatment therapy of NMIBC has greatly reinforced, still there is a need for additional therapies.

This article focuses on the ideal role of oncolytic viruses for the treatment of bladder cancer. About more than 90% of cancers in the bladder are transitional cell carcinomas, which have more recently been termed as urothelial cell carcinomas. These superficial bladder cancers are now being described as non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Treatments for transitional cell carcinoma The standard therapy combines intravesical therapy with or…