A female presented with pain in a pelvic area can be suspected to have pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) among other disorders. What are the classic clinical manifestations? How to diagnose PID? This article will focus on the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of PID. The next article will discuss PID treatment. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), refers to acute and subclinical infection of upper genital tract in females that involves uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries, alone or together.
Sometimes, it also involves neighboring pelvic organs. PID can be caused due to variety of bacteria, however, gonorrhea and chlamydia are the most common infections. In rare cases, PID can result due to failure of natural cervical barrier due to IUD insertion or after childbirth, miscarriage or abortion. PID represents a spectrum of infection and there is no single diagnostic gold standard. Clinical…
