Case presentation A 40-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a three-week history of progressively worsening dyspnea, palpitations, generalized fatigue, paresthesia, and muscle weakness. He also experienced multiple episodes of near-syncope.

He denied chest pain, fever, gastrointestinal complaints, or any recent illness. Medical history No prior medical conditions No use of prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, or herbal supplements No history of alcohol or illicit drug use Physical examination Unremarkable findings Vital signs: Normal No focal neurologic deficits Laboratory findings Serum potassium concentration: 8.5 mmol/L, rising to 9.4 mmol/L on repeat testing from a separate blood sample No evidence of hemolysis Renal function: Preserved Serum creatinine: 0.9 mg/dL Estimated glomerular filtration rate: 88 mL/min/1.73m2 Acid-base: Normal Complete bloodโ€ฆ