Over time, extrinsic and intrinsic factors indiscriminately contribute to aging of the skin. Excess exposure to UV, lifestyle choices such as smoking and alcohol, genetics, concomitant medical conditions, all together influence and aggravate the rate of degradation of skin quality. Age-dependent collagen/elastin breakdown, loss of hyaluronic acid (HA), epidermal thinning together with a decrease in the amount of water held in the epidermis leads to fine lines, discoloration, dullness, textural changes and wrinkles.
Conversely, several therapeutic modalities have been developed over time to prevent and reverse the signs of aging primarily in the facial area, but also in the neck, as it has been recognized as an extension of the facial skin that greatly impacts the overall appearance of an individual. From sunscreens to sophisticated energy-based devices such as intense-pulsed-light,…
