Heart failure (HF) morbidity and mortality constitute an important burden for patients and for the health care systems in both developed and developing countries. Patients with HF are frequently hospitalized and have a high mortality risk because of a poor prognosis or an unexpected death, termed sudden cardiac death (SCD). In people diagnosed with HF, SCD occurs at 6–9 times the rate of the general population. Almost 20% and 80% of patients die within one year and eight years of initial diagnosis, respectively.
Risk factors for SCD were reported to be similar to cardiovascular diseases. However, the most studied and proven predictor of SCD in patients with HF is left ventricular ejection fraction. Potential drug interventions in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) include beta-blockers (BBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-i), angiotensin…
